Reflection Paper On Self Awareness Essay - 1811 Words

Self-Awareness Today I was apprehensive as it was my first time in a clinical experience. Based on my perspective that cancer ends in death and is full of struggles for the individual, I began feeling very depressed when meeting each patient. I began to realize this is the case as two out of the three patients I had met, had cancer and I became very quiet and did not know what to say to them as the nurse was hanging chemotherapy. I have hope that as time goes on I will learn how to overcome this belief and have experiences that will help me in doing this. I was also quiet because I could feel that I did not want to say or do something wrong that would alter the patients’ or nurses’ view of my competency. I also felt overwhelmed by the amount of information I had to take in coupled with the anxiety I was having about potentially having to do this by myself in the future. I realize that this is a normal fear and will go away as time goes on however, it was definitely at the forefront of my mind during the experience. Description One particular patient that stands out in my mind was one that had chronic asthma coupled with severe depression and anxiety. When it was time for her morning medications, the nurse and I went in and I could immediately tell she was having a rough time. She looked quite young was and quiet however, made it known when she did not like something. For instance, when giving her morning meds, she made it known that â€Å"coffee [wasn’t] the hospital’s strongShow MoreRelatedReflection Paper On Self Awareness1337 Words   |  6 PagesThe IAT self-awareness reflection paper will discuss personal reactions to the results of the exercise. It will also reflect on personal development towards being culturally competent counselor and the areas of growth. In addition, the paper will identify certain techniques to improvise counseling with LGBTQI+ clients. Reactions: My result of the IAT self-awareness test showed slight preference towards the straight people over gay people. Although the test results showed slight preference towardsRead MoreSelf Reflection And Self Awareness Reflection Paper1054 Words   |  5 PagesCodependency: Self-Reflection and Self-Awareness Reflection Paper In the last several weeks, I had an opportunity to look back and analyze the events that has shaped my life. This was a unique experience where I was emotionally comfortable enough to look back at life. I was able too objectively revisit many events that were often buried and too painful to face. While doing this, I felt I had finally become free from the turmoil of fears of failure, anger, regret and isolation, which often cloudedRead MoreReflection Paper On Self Awareness2252 Words   |  10 Pageshelp me understand myself in a way that inspires growth; the questions and structure of the assessment resonated with my true feelings, inciting reflection, and making me more transparent. Dissecting my personality type has improved the understand of myself and others, allowing me to appreciate my strengths more, and improve my weaknesses. Self-awareness is a powerful mechanism for evaluating individual, group, and organizational dynamics in and way that is enriching and positive. Becoming a betterRead MoreThe Link Between Time, Money and Morality Essay979 Words   |  4 Pageswhereas the time leads to self-reflection, which directs people away from unethical behaviour. Although methodologically sound and the link clear, the paper focuses on the direct relationship between wanting money and behaving dishonestly. The paper could be made more applicable by considering impacting factors that affect unethical behaviour and focusing less on suggesting greed and lack of self-awareness as the reason for cheating. Being a primary focus of the paper, time was operationally definedRead MoreCritical Reflection On Self And, And Challenging External Power Structures804 Words   |  4 PagesSelf-directedness or self-affirmation, and challenging external power structures begins with challenging our own assumptions and developing moral courage to bring to supervision and peers. We can begin identifying assumptions that oppose our interests that potentially harm service users (Bloom, 2006). Through critical reflection we have a better understanding of power relationships, which makes us mindful of not perpetuating people’s experiences of oppression in our working relationships with themRead MoreIMPLEMENTATION OF ACTION PLAN998 Words   |  4 PagesGrand Canyon University RDG 580: Practicum in Reading July 28, 2010 Abstract In this paper the author of this paper will reflect upon the third week of the implementation of an Action Plan created for a struggling student. Additionally this paper contains a Creative/Critical Thinking Reflection Form, and a Practicum Activity Log Summary. Week Three Reflection Tutoring continues to proceed in a positive venue, and the Student A has enjoyed the sessionsRead MoreEssay about Characteristics of an Effective Counselor1693 Words   |  7 Pagescomplete this research paper. Thanks! Abstract The characteristics that make up an effective counselor are the personality traits that really define the counselor. Several leaders in the field of counseling have listed many of these personality qualities; self confidence, high energy level, optimistic, sense of humor, neutrality, flexibility, emotional stability, risk-taking experience, analytic thinking, creativity, enthusiasm, honesty, sensitivity, hope, self control, awareness, and knowledge. TheRead MoreLeaders Are Born Not Made1254 Words   |  6 Pagesorganization. In my opinion, great leaders are the ones who inspire and motivate the employees to be the best they can be. We have all heard the saying that â€Å"leaders are born not made†, but I would argue great leadership takes a heavy dose of self-reflection and discipline, along with consistent and constant educational and mentoring experiences. Having been in leadership roles for over 22 years of my life, I can assure you I am not the same leader today, that I was 20 years ago. The key for organizationalRead MoreSelf Awareness And The Social Work1603 Words   |  7 PagesSelf-awareness and the use of self is a key component in social work practice. Depending upon how one integrates their personal being and accompanying thoughts, experiences, emotions, and consciousness into the helping profession has a profound impact on whether that integration is positive or negative, particularly when it comes to that of one’s relationships with their clients. While remaining impartial is often critical to effective social work practice, the complete separation of self from one’sRead MoreEthics Reflection Paper Str 581 Week 11312 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: WEEK 1; ETHICS REFLECTIONS PAPER Assignment: Week 1; Ethics Reflections Paper By Judith Judson STR 591 – Phoenix Campus University of Phoenix Facilitator: Dr. Mark Kolesinsky Week 1, July 18, 2012 Ethics Reflection Paper In the last decade, ethics in corporate America has become highly publicized following the discovery of unethical and fraudulent business practices in major corporations. Practices at Tyco, Enron, Arthur Anderson, and WorldCom, among others,

A Common Sense Thomas Paine - 2027 Words

Matt O’Hara AMH 2010 Dr. Gray 10/15/17 A Common Sense Thomas Paine was born in Thetford, England, a shipbuilding town in 1737. He worked many jobs from a stay maker to a tax collector then as an excise officer, but ultimately found himself without work and began to see his outlook as bleak. After, his search for more work turned unsuccessful he ran into a man of the name Benjamin Franklin, who advised him to move to the colonies of America. Paine arrived in Philadelphia on November 30, 1774 where he took up his first regular full time job, editing the Pennsylvania Magazine. He then started to begin writing and publishing many articles anonymously. After the battles of Lexington and Concord, some of the first military encounters of the†¦show more content†¦Paine had many different ideas on the principles that government was based on. His biggest idea was â€Å"that the more simple any thing is, the less liable it is to be disordered†(Paine, Common Sense, 8.). He claims government as an establishment sole purpose is to limit the evil in man. Paine was not a fan of monarchical government and in â€Å"Common Sense† he brings up many good points and continues to bash the belief as a whole. He said many things that seemed to punch holes in the idea of it. Thomas Paine contemplated the biblical origin of monarchy and concluded that it was begun in sinfulness. Paine made it clear that the scriptural evidence says that God stands against monarchy. He also brought up the fact that the recent kings of England have not been good, which he said should show that the current line of kings does not show legitimate power . He claimed that monarchy has only lead to bad governance and bloodshed. He wondered and proposed why people were content being ruled by someone that was not voted into ruling by the majority. How could they know that the king was qualified? Why would they follow a ruler who was just a child when there are people who are more suitable and qualified to rule. Kings were supposed to rule for the greater good of the commoners. But howShow MoreRelatedCommon Sense by Thomas Paine859 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Common Sense† Common Sense is a pamphlet made in 1775-76 by Thomas Paine. This pamphlet inspired the thirteen colonies to declare war and fight for independence against Great Britain. It was straight forward and told Great Britain exactly the advantages of being independent from them. On January 10, 1776 during the American Revolution, the pamphlet was published and became a huge topic in the community. It was the biggest talk of the colonies. In proportion to the population, the book was the biggestRead MoreCommon Sense by Thomas Paine1396 Words   |  6 PagesCommon Sense was written by Thomas Paine and published in 1776. Paine wrote it as a plea for the American people to break away from Britain and to declare independence from the king. He was asking his audience to take a step back and see that just because something is tradition, does not mean it is necessarily right. Paine wanted to show his readers that government and society is not the same thing, which is how most people viewed it. Society was something that people should want to have, whileRead MoreCommon Sense By Thomas Paine957 Words   |  4 Pagespolitical pamphlet known as Common Sense was written by Thomas Paine in 1776. This pamphlet contributed in promoting the independence of America. In the pamphlet Thomas Paine challenged the American colonists to separate from England and create a democratic and independent society. Along with challenging the American colonists, he hinted at his own opinions about a democratic government that America should plan towards if they seek to separate from England. Thomas Paine also bluntly proposed thatRead MoreCommon Sense By Thomas Paine1574 Words   |  7 PagesCommon Sense was written by an Englishman, Thomas Paine, who came to the American Colonies in 1774. He had strong opinions about the British Monarchy – and monarchy in general – including the fact that by nothing more than an accident of birth one man had rule over so many other humans. He v iewed this elevation to monarch unnatural as all men are created equal. Additionally, Paine notes that â€Å"there is something exceedingly ridiculous in the composition of Monarchy; it first excludes a man fromRead MoreCommon Sense By Thomas Paine1036 Words   |  5 PagesCommon Sense is a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that inspired people in the Thirteen Colonies to declare and fight for independence from Great Britain. It was actually first published anonymously. Thomas Paine’s basic theme throughout Common Sense is that government is a â€Å"necessary evil†. His argument begins with more general reflections about government and religion, then progresses onto the specifics. There is a quote from the first page of Common Sense that lays out Paine s general conceptionRead MoreCommon Sense By Thomas Paine1244 Words   |  5 PagesIndependance, Why They Should Thomas Paine, an English political philosopher and writer made his way to the colonies when his good friend, Benjamin Franklin convinced him to do so. He worked as an editor for the Pennsylvania Magazine. Although, published anonymously in 1776, Paine was the man behind Common Sense, a political pamphlet that was distributed between all the colonies and challenged the British government by suggesting American Independency. Paine wrote the Common Sense because in his mind heRead MoreCommon Sense By Thomas Paine992 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica what it is today. Common Sense by Thomas Paine was inspiring to many American colonists as it was persuasive in showing how the colonists should have their own independence. Paine appealed the average citizen’s rationale, hence the title Common Sense. Paine’s pamphlet illustrates the importance of independence, and argues that colonial life under British rule was detrimental to America’s potential to become prosperous. In a fairly lengthy, but readable style, Paine discusses the differencesRead MoreThomas Paine And Common Sense1579 Words   |  7 PagesThomas Paine and Common Sense In colonial America, Britain’s colonies were subjected to many Parliamentary acts that were considered to be, by many of the colonists, oppressive. The Declaratory Act, the Coercive Acts, and numerous other tax-based acts were just a few of the many examples of the controlling behavior displayed by the British Parliament toward their North American colonies. This seemingly oppressive behavior by the British Parliament had not gone unnoticed by those outside ofRead MoreCommon Sense By Thomas Paine1438 Words   |  6 PagesKayla Boucher Doctor Hockin AMH 2010 22 January 2015 Common Sense The book Common Sense by Thomas Paine was an American pamphlet written during the American Revolution, which was around the time when America was trying to gain independence from Britain. Paine discusses government, religion, and colonial issues. In the first chapter Paine differentiates between the society and the government. He described the society as being positive and constructive and he described the government beingRead MoreCommon Sense By Thomas Paine770 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Paine first published Common Sense anonymously in 1776 and immediately became popular. I choose to read Common Sense by Thomas Paine, in order to know America and hopefully to understand the philosophy behind the founding of the country and how its government system was set up to function. In my opinion, one of the main reasons Thomas Paine’s pamphlet became favoured was because Paine used a lot of common sense opinions that most people could understand. In his pamphlet Common Sense, Thomas

Prominent African-American Mathematicians Free Essays

Jesse Ernest Wilkins, Jr. exemplifies and is addressed as one of America’s admirable unorthodox mathematicians. He was portrayed as the University of Chicago’s youngest student at the tender age of thirteen. We will write a custom essay sample on Prominent African-American Mathematicians or any similar topic only for you Order Now Wilkins proceeded to his education there, earning his bachelor, master and doctorate degrees in mathematics. When he finished his Ph. D. at 19, he was recognized by the national press as a â€Å"negro genius. † (http://www. blackpast. org) Jesse Ernest Wilkins taught at the Tuskegee Institute (1943-1944) prior returning to the University of Chicago to contribute to the Manhattan Project (1944-1946). He then entered industry, advancing to high positions at: American Optical Company (1946-1950), United Nuclear Corporation (1950-1960) and General Atomic Company (1960-1970). He also earned bachelor and master degrees in mechanical engineering from New York University (1957, 1960). In 1970, Wilkins became the Distinguished Professor of Applied Mathematical Physics at Howard University. He was remembered as being very inspirational to his students and for starting Howard’s Ph. D. program in mathematics. (http://www. blackpast. org) J. Ernest Wilkins is a member of various professional societies and has been awarded several honors in his distinguished career including: President of the American Nuclear Society (1974-1975), Council Member of the American Mathematical Society (1975-1977) and Outstanding Civilian Service Medal by the U. S. Army (1980). He has published numerous papers in mathematics, optics and nuclear engineering. His greatest contribution to scholarship is the development of mathematical models to explain gamma radiation and his subsequent work on developing a shielding against gamma radiation. (http://www. blackpast. org) A fifth grade gifted program provided accessibility to William A. Massey to the introduction of Euclidean geometry and number systems of differing bases. His interests in drawing and graphic arts assisted him to comprehend the application of perspective and proportion. In seventh grade, William A. Massey executed an exam involving a type of abstract reasoning. He excelled and exceeded far beyond his classmates on the same exam. Essentially, from that moment, he apprehended the aspiration of becoming a mathematician. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/William_A. _Massey) William A. Massey’s authentic comprehension of mathematics as a researcher initiated as a college student at Princeton University. He specialized in abstract algebra and number theory while acquiring real, complex and functional analysis. He maintained his scientific interests by taking physics courses all four years, as well. William A. Massey was awarded an aggressive Bell Laboratories fellowship that was established to increase the number of minority Ph. D. ’s in the sciences, which paid for his acquisition of the doctorate of philosophy in mathematics at Stanford University. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/William_A. _Massey) William A. Massey has made many original contributions as a mathematician by developing a theory of â€Å"dynamical queueing systems†. His research on queueing networks led to new methods of comparing multi-dimensionalone. One of William A. Massey most cited papers progresses an algorithm to find a dynamic, optimal server staffing schedule for telephone call centers with time varying demand and ultimately led to a patent. An additional highly cited paper initiates a dynamic model for the offered load traffic of wireless communication networks. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/William_A. _Massey) In 1925 Elbert Frank Cox was allocated the Doctor of Philosophy degree in mathematics from Cornell and he is the first known Black to receive the Ph. D. in Mathematics in the United States; ultimately, in the world. In September 1925, he accepted a teaching position at West Virginia State College. Elbert Frank Cox remained there four years and in 1929 moved to Howard University. Cox remained at Howard until his retirement in 1965 and served as chairman of the Mathematics Department from 1957-1961. In 1975, the Howard University Mathematics Department, at the time of the inauguration of the Ph. D. program, established the Elbert F. Cox Scholarship Fund for undergraduate mathematics majors to encourage young Black students to study mathematics at the graduate level. http://www. maa. org/summa/archive/Cox_EF. htm) While Elbert Frank Cox did not live to see the inauguration of the Ph. D. program at Howard, it is comprehended by various individuals that Cox accomplished plenty to initiate such possibilities. He assisted to build up the department to the point that the Ph. D. program became a practical next step. He gave the department an extensive deal of credibility; primarily due to his personal prestige as a mathematician, due to the fact od exemplifying and exhibiting first Black to acquire a Ph. D. in mathematics, because of the nature and kinds of appointments to the faculty that were made while he chaired the Department and because of the kinds of students that he attracted to Howard to study mathematics at both the undergraduate and graduate (master’s) levels. Cox’s portrait hangs in Howard’s Mathematics Common Room as a consistent reminder of his contribution to the Mathematics Department, the University and the Community of Scholars in general. (http://www. maa. org/summa/archive/Cox_EF. htm) How to cite Prominent African-American Mathematicians, Papers

International Performance Management Process †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the International Performance Management. Answer: Performance management is essential for a firms progress. Currently, the globalization effects have complicated performance management actions. For instance, managing performance in a culturally diverse environment requires organizations to implement multicultural strategies. Moreover, modern firms have to deal with the challenging task of managing geographically alienated teams. However, technology has eased this management pressure by offering integrated performance management systems which are easy to monitor. With employees being central to organizational success, performance management provides a platform that promotes and improves workers effectiveness through goal-setting, monitoring, and motivation. International performance management is a process which enables multinational firms to continuously evaluate and improve corporate and staffs performance in relation to set goals. According to Caldwell (2002, p. 2), the objective of performance management is to enhance employees effectiveness. Principally, it is the role of the management to design effective performance management strategies that align with the organizational goals and vision. However, Caldwell (2002, p. 3) advises that it is essential for the management and the employees to work collaboratively during the performance management process. Performance management strategies differ according to organizational characteristics. The nature of these strategies is defined by the management model adopted by a firm. The prominent performance management theories include expectancy, control, and goal-setting perspectives. However, Al Ariss, Cascio and Paauwe (2014) opine that the goal- setting theory has gained popularity due to its objectivity and efficiency in improving performance. Regardless of the perspective employed by a firm, international performance management serves to identify performance gaps and means of rectifying them accordingly. Consequently, the performance management process must be designed objectively. Without an objective performance management, work progress, efficiency, and performance cannot be determined. In this respect, the department mandated to oversee performance management activities must develop a plan on how to evaluate and improve employees performance. This performance management plan has to be inclusive capturing both the opinions of the employer and the employees(Budworth et al., 2015). In fact, Budworth et al. (2015) insist that the employees must be involved in all the stages of performance management. Employee inclusion ensures that the vital factors that affects individaul perfomance are captured in the evaluation process. After developing the plan, it should be implemented, evaluated and revised frequently. The international working environment is dynamic. Performance factors change with time, and so should the management process. Consequently, the performance goals used to evaluate employees effectiveness should match with the prevailing external environment. According to Vuki? et al.(2015), global managers ought to have the international market knowledge to understand the best performance management models that fit their organizations. As Caldwell (2002) opines, all performance management activities should be geared toward addressing the vital needs of the employees that affect performance. The motivational theories direct employers to prioritize the employees psychological needs such as recognition, appreciation, and development in their performance management plans to enhance efficiency. Conclusively, international performance management aims at enhancing employees' effectiveness through performance evaluation, reward, and motivation. Without performance management, it is impossible to establish individual employee progress in an organization. Consequently, firms are advised to structure their performance management actions objectively to enhance sustainability and competitiveness in the global environment. References Al Ariss, A., Cascio, W. F. Paauwe, J., 2014. Talent management: Current theories and future research directions. Journal of World Business, 49(2), pp. 173-179. Budworth, M., Latham, G. P. Manroop, L., 2015. "Looking forward to performance improvement: A field test of the feedforward interview for performance management. Human Resource Management, 54(1), pp. 45-54. Caldwell, C. M., 2002. Performance Management. New York: AMACOM Division American Management Association. Vuki?, V. B., Bach, M. P. Popovi?, A., 2013. Supporting performance management with business process management and business intelligence: A case analysis of integration and orchestration. International journal of information management, 33(4), pp. 613-619.

The Hardboiled Qualities and Features in Detective Stories

Hardboiled literary style in crime fiction writing is associated with detective stories. It is often distinguished by the cynical interpretation of sex and violence in the literature. Caroll John Daly is credited to be the pioneer of hardboiled crime fiction style writing in the mid 1920s with his â€Å"Knights of the Open Palm† published on June 1,1923 in Black Mask Magazine (Nolan, 273).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Hardboiled Qualities and Features in Detective Stories specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hardboiled fiction writing was popularized by Dashiell Hammett with his character Sam Spade in The Maltese Falcon, over the course of time in the late 1930s Raymond Chandler refined hardboiled writing through his Philip Marlowe in The Big Sheep ( Collins, 153 – 154). This paper aims to illustrate the hardboiled qualities and features of detective stories in analysing the three most notable au thors’ characters in their novels namely Sam Spade of Dashiell Hammett’s The Maltese Falcon, Philip Marlowe of Raymond Chandler’s The Big Sheep and Kinsey Millhone of Sue Grafton’s A for Alibi. Dashiell Hammett started the hardboiled writing trend in detective stories through his character Sam Spade in his The Maltese Falcon novel. Hammett through his novel portrayed Spade as someone who has a cold detachment to the situation he is in and with the people he is with. Spade, though he displays several similar features of other detectives such as his keen eye for details and unwavering determination to accomplish justice, the character’s hardboiled qualities is depicted in his selfish, bitter and sardonic personality. In The Maltese Falcon novel, Spade was having an affair with his partner Miles Archer’s wife, a portrayal of his antagonistic and self-centred nature. His aloof personality together with his cold emotionless isolation from matters are displayed upon the discovery of several murders namely that of Archer and Thursby in which Spade was found to be one of the suspects. He lets everyone, including the police, the criminals, and other characters in the novel believe that he is indeed one of the law offenders while he single-mindedly works on solving the case on his own. Though Sam Spade’s character was able to do the noble thing at the end of the novel, his actions depict him as someone who only does so because of self-interest. Hammett never showed his readers the characters inner thoughts in which what was said and done by the characters were already the factors that shape them thus Spade’s morality was questionable. In Spade’s case it was ambiguous if he really displayed the usual hardboiled characteristic of detectives who pose idealism underneath their hard cynical shells.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Big Sheep was Raymond Chandler’s first novel in his series about the adventures of Philip Marlowe. Chandler’s character, Philip Marlowe is indeed a true hardboiled character in which underneath his sceptical, hard drinking, tough persona Marlowe is thoughtful and idealistic. His character’s soft side is portrayed in his enjoyment of simple pleasures such as the playing of chess and his love of poetry. Marlowe’s contemplative nature surfaces when he sets scores through other means rather than violence. In the novel, The Black Sheep a scene were Carmen Sherwood had a gun and shot Joe Brody but missed, Marlowe quickly confiscated the deadly weapon from Sternwood and told her to go home, this was a display of Marlowe’s evasion from hostility. He is careful in thinking things through before making a statement or stance. In terms of his morality, Philip Marlow is decent for he was stern in avoiding the tactics and temptati ons brought about by the femmes fatale of the novel, Vivian and Carmen Sternwood. Both sisters tried to seduce Marlowe for instance when Vivian was saved by the detective from an apparent mugging, he drove her to the beach resulting to her advancing towards him, while Carmen found herself waiting for Marlowe to arrive home in his bed naked. In both instances Marlowe refused the ladies advancements. Unlike the first two novels discussed above, Sue Grafton’s lead character in her novel, A for Alibi, is a woman in the form of Kinsey Millhone. Millhone fits the hardboiled qualities and features needed in detective stories through her lonesome nature developed as an orphaned child, her tough persona in her case dealings and her idealism underneath her hard shell of cynicism which is slowly revealed in her encounters with family members. Grafton’s Kinsey Millhone is significant in the hardboiled detective world because gender equality is illustrated in the novel. The notion of equality among men and women is being tacked here in that what other male protagonist can do, Millhone, a female lead can also do. Though the personality of Grafton’s character had been adjusted to fit that of a woman, her primary characteristics are similar to those of male protagonist in usual hardboiled fictions such her morality struggles in having her own â€Å"femmes fatale† in the form of Charlie Scorsoni whom Millhone was involved with even if he was still in her suspect list, her tough girl attitude sometimes associated by her being tomboyish but her idealistic side also surfaces when she secretly yearns for comfort of a loving relationship whether be that with her family or with a man. Works Cited Collins, Max Allan. The Hard-Boiled Detective. Ed. William DeAndrea. Prentice Hall, 1994. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Hardboiled Qualities and Features in Detective Stories specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/p age Learn More Nolan, William. The Black Mask Boys: Masters in the Hard-Boiled School of Detective Fiction. William Marrow and Company, 1985. Print. This essay on The Hardboiled Qualities and Features in Detective Stories was written and submitted by user Jazmine Callahan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Clearwaters Company Objectives and Issues

Clearwaters Company Objectives and Issues Marketing has evolved with the evolving technologies in the world. The emerging technologies have completely changed the marketing processes in the current world. Freeman (2010) observes that for a long time, marketing was considered an operational activity and it was a unit under the production department. This was the time when most firms employed the production strategy. There was a general belief that once a product is availed in the market, consumers would have no otherwise but to buy it. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Clearwaters Company Objectives and Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This notion was held for a long time. Because there was minimal competition in the market, these firms managed to operate with this policy for long. However, the emerging technologies have created a global village where an individual could move from one end of the earth to the other within a very short time. Impr oved means of communication is another aspect that has changed marketing practices. The invention of telephones was a major milestone in making the world a global village. A person in New York would easily communicate with another in Riyadh or Melbourne in real time. As communication was enhanced, people became more knowledgeable and therefore more demanding. Current Marketing Situation It is always very important that before introducing a product to the market, care be taken to ensure that there is a deep understanding of the market situation. Market situation refers to the forces that dictate the condition of the market. They are the forces that would determine if a given product would be acceptable in the market. Of concern would be the acceptability of the product in the market, the size of the market and its sustainability. In order to elaborate on these factors, a number of analyses would be used in this research. In this case, we would discuss the introduction of a new bran d of water, hereinafter referred to as Clearwaters. Market Description Bottled water is one of the new products in the Saudi markets. This product was considered a free product and many people relied on tap water as the preferred clean water for drinking. However, this changed with time. Bottled water has come out strongly as one of the beverages that are considered important goods. Because of the ease to carry it and the fact that it is believed to have nutrients, there has been a consistent increase in the size of the market for this product. The bottled water market has consistently been eating up the market share of other carbonated drinks such as the cola products. Health experts have been raising concerns over the ingredients of the cola products and the possible effect they might have on consumers. As such, those individuals who are health conscious have considered taking bottled water instead of the carbonated drinks.Advertising Looking for research paper on busines s economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This market is relatively young, especially in the Saudi market. However, it has experienced a massive growth over the past few years. Some of the market leaders in the beverage market such as the Coca Cola Company have come up with their own brand of water to help cushion them against the effect of the mass movement of customers from carbonated drinks to bottled water. This brand is relatively strong in the market and its growth has been consistent. Other firms, some of which are locally owned, have come up with their own brands of water as well. They are keen to take their own share of the market. Clearwaters, being a new product in this market, would find an established market with a strong competition that must be countered if the product were to survive a possible elimination. Product Review Clearwaters is new in this industry. It is made of pure drinking water, just like o ther bottled water brands in this industry. This product is meant for human consumption and is sold in bottles of varying sizes, ranging from 300 milliliters to twenty liters. Five, ten and twenty liter-bottles are meant for home use while the three milliliter to one liter bottles target individuals who need water while on a journey or while on such practices as gym and roadwork. The product is new but in a considerably old market. Its brand is barely known and the marketers of this product have a huge responsibility of ensuring that this product penetrates the market. Although the products target the public, five, ten and twenty liters are targeted at middle-class families, who want clean bottled water for home use. The three hundred milliliters, five hundred milliliters, and one-liter bottles have youths as their targets. Competitive Review The market competition is undoubtedly immense. As stated above, there are giant international firms that have established their position in t he market. These firms, as Majer (2011) notes, have strong brands that have gained acceptance in the local market. The biggest challenge is the fact that these firms have developed pools of loyal customers who may not easily be withdrawn by such new brands as Clearwaters. There is a free market entry to firms trading in this product and this would mean that Clearwaters should be ready for new competition from other foreign firms that may want to enter the market. Although the competitors in this particular market have not considered using pricing as a strategy of competition, there are signs indicating that this is a possibility, especially if large firms in this industry consider small industry players as a threat. Thos would mean that elimination of small firms is the only option for survival. Clearwaters must therefore develop clear marketing strategies that would make it unique in the market.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Clearwaters Compan y Objectives and Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Channels and Logistics Review Channels of distribution are some of the most important factors that the management team must consider. Given that this is a new firm and that the market is highly competitive, logistics are some of the factors that can help this firm to be seen as unique in this market. Clearwaters’ products would be delivered to various retail outlets in Riyadh city by use of two tracks. The management would ensure that this product is ever available in all the major stores within this city. The channel would simply be from the manufacturer to the retailers who would finally sell the products to the customers. SWOT Analysis The strength of this project depends on various factors. One of the major strengths of this project is its brand name (Charantimath. (2006). As Stated above, the brand, Clearwaters, is relatively new in the market. However, the name is expecte d to attract the Muslim faithful, who make the majority of the market share. This project also has considerable financial strength. As such, this project is in a position to implement its strategies, including those of research and extension. The project is also expected to operate in various cities outside Riyadh. As such, it would be able to balance its production. When one section of its market would be experiencing economic growth, the other section would be facing recession. Despite the above strengths, the project it has some weaknesses, a fact that might see some of its competitors such as Dasani eat up a section of its market share. Freeman (2010) says that one of the weaknesses that many environmentalists have repeatedly talked about regarding all the firms selling water in plastic bottles, is environmental degradation. The plastic bottles that this firm uses in packing its drinks are causing havoc to the environment. It is apparent that this firm is yet to develop a solut ion to this problem because according to the program, it is yet to replace the plastic bottles with better alternatives. Within the area of operation, some opportunities that can make the firm experience massive growth in its market share exist. Dasani has exploited a vacuum that existed in many countries in the world, especially in the developing countries. Majer (2011) says that there was no competition for this firm in the overseas markets and this company was able to make the most out of its sales. However, with the introduction of new brands such as Clearwaters, Dasani would be under threat. Clearwaters would find it easy to change with the changing technologies because of its small size than would Dasani. Technological advancements will also enable the firm to conduct trade much easily due to improved means of communication and transport means. The economic boom that Saudi Arabia experienced following the improved oil prices in the world market is another opportunity that can help this firm to expand its market.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The threats that this product has had to deal with include competition. The market has gotten increasingly competitive. Freeman (2010) notes that many firms like Coca Cola have come up with products, which are close substitutes of the product. They have taken large market share in the country. Security concerns in some parts of the city are another threat that this firm has had to deal with. When there is an internal strife, like the one experienced in Egypt and Libya in the recent past, this firm would lose millions of dollars due to the destruction of its assert. During such periods, the firm would also lose the profits they get from the region, while yet they will have to pay the employees. This would hurt the firm financially. Objectives and issues This is a new product. The issue here is to ensure that this product is successfully introduced into the existing market, and that it gets acceptance from the customers in this region. The objective of this move is to ensure that the firm manages to capture substantial market share that would make it sustainable in an increasingly competitive market. Clearwaters should come out as a strong brand in the bottled water industry. The brand should not only attract positive sales in the market, but also a strong base of loyal customers who would help in ensuring that this firm is sustainable. Positioning Product positioning is always very important. In various occasions, firms would try to position their products in the market as the best. In this case, Clearwaters would be positioned as ‘the end of thirst’. In this context, thirsty customers should consider going for Clearwaters, because in its presence, thirst would end. With proposition is expected to attract travelers who pass by the retail outlets to look for beverages that would help quench their thirst. Product Strategy This product is perfectly similar to other products sold by other market competitors. However much the advertisement may be devi sed to make it appear different, the fact remains that the product is similar to those of other competitors. Therefore, a strategy that would help make it unique must exist. In this regard, the packaging of this product would be made a little unique from others in the market. The packages of this product targeting the youths would have graphics that would be attractive to them. The aim of this is to ensure the product speaks out to the customers the moment customers’ glance at them. Pricing Strategy Pricing is one of the most challenging tasks when introducing a new product in the market. When the price is set higher than the average market, customers would most likely ignore the product and go for their traditional products. When the product is priced lower than the market price, customers may dismiss it as a product of poor quality and therefore it may be ignored. Therefore, most firms would prefer setting the price of the product to be at par with the market price of other products. The rationale is that in the process of choosing for the best brand, given that the prices are the same, customers may consider taking the new brand to test its viability. This firm would employ this strategy. It would avoid setting the price below the market average for this may provoke price wars (Freeman, 2010). Because it is a new firm, it may not be in a position to withstand such a competition. Distribution Strategy This product is intended to be distributed in all the major stores in Riyadh. The product will have to capture this market before moving to other cities in this country. The choice of Riyadh was because it has the biggest market for this product and therefore more promising than other markets. Moreover, with the fact that there is huge competition in this city, a success in this market would mean that it would be easy to reach out to other markets. As stated above, the track would move this product to all the mail retail outlets in the country. The str ategy that would be used would be very simply: the product should never run out of stock in all the selected stores Marketing Communication Strategy Manufacturing and availing products to the market is not enough if there is a considerable level of competition in the market. There would be need to ensure that the market understands that the product is available and that it offers superior value. Clearwaters would therefore be advertised in the main channels of communication within the target market. The marketing department would have to use the mass media like the dailies, the radio and television stations to inform the market that this product is available. This department would also need to ensure that the youths who frequent the social media are also reached. This should be done using such social media as Facebook, Tweeter, and YouTube. The communication that goes to the public should be reviewed carefully. It would be important to ensure that there is no miscommunication, or irrelevant information reaching out to the public. This may damage the reputation of the firm and hinder its move to capture more customers in this market. Marketing Research According to Majer (2011), there has been a massive change in marketing over the recent past. Currently, businesses have been forced to take an inward-out approach to marketing. This would mean that a firm would start by understanding what the market expects of them. After developing this understanding, the firm would then need to ensure that it develops products that will meet the demands of the market. In order to ensure that this is possible, there would be need for research into the market. Market research is always very important because creates understanding of the market. Clearwaters will have to be developed as a strong brand in this market. In this regard, it would be important that the management conduct the research among the target market to get to understand their expectation of the bottled water that is sold in the retail outlets. The data from this research should be analyzed, and compounded with the secondary sources of information like the business journals, an informed decision should be made of the approach that this firm should take in bringing this new product to the market. This way, it will gain a competitive edge over the existing firms because it shall have implemented the recommendations from the research. Implementations Charantimath (2006) says that ideas will always remain ideas unless they are implemented. Good ideas can be turned into wonderful projects if the concerned parties make concerted effort to ensure that it is implemented. The plans for the introduction of this product will have to be implemented by all the concerned members of the project. After the idea has undergone all the stages until there is an inception of a product, a marketer would be expected to take over. In this case, the first step would be market testing. A sample of the product w ould be taken to the market to determine its viability. If the product is confirmed to be viable in the market, the production department would then be instructed to produce the product in mass and then there will be commercialization of the product. In this case, Clearwaters will be taken to various retail outlets in the city. The marketing department will also develop an awareness campaign of the product within this particular city. Most importantly during the implementation process, the team would ensure that all the planned activities are carried out as per the plan with no deviations. The allocation of funds would be based on various factors, such as the importance of the project, its profitability and impact it would have on the firm. Budget The budget for this project would be based on the area of coverage. For a start, this project is expected to cover Riyadh city. However, it would be rolled out to other cities later if it proves successful in this region. The budget for t his project would be categorized into various sections, which include research, manufacturing, logistics, advertising, and others. Based on the percentage, the above categories should be allocated funds as follows. Research- 8% Manufacturing-60% Logistics- 11% Advertising- 12% Others- 9 The above budgetary allocations may be altered as per the need of the organization, but they should not be drastically shifted from the estimates provided. Control It is important that the management ensure that the program would flow smoothly as planned. The control of the entire process would be in the hands of the top management of the project. They have the responsibility to ensure that there is a proper budgetary allocation and that every task is done by the intended persons and within the scheduled time. The top management should be responsible for assigning each member of the team specific roles that would help in ensuring that the overall objective of the firm is achieved. Monitoring is al so part of control and must be undertaken by the management unit. References Charantimath. (2006).Total Quality Management. New Delhi: Pearson Education. Freeman, E. (2010). Ethical leadership practices. KCA Journal of Business Management, 2(1): 1-14. Freeman, E. (2010). Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. New York: Cambridge University Press. Majer, C. (2011). The silent killers of productivity and profit. T+D, 65(2), 62

Chapter 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chapter 4 - Essay Example There is a distinct difference between a team leader and a team manager. A leader gives direction to the time and, at times, plays a spokesperson to represent the team and their actions. The leader can play as a moderator between members and keeps operations running smooth, whereas a manager allocates resources and watches over the team. While a leader is more personal with the team and keeps it working, a manger watches over the team and all others involved in the ultimate structure which the team is a part of. Group practices in 1970’s and 1980’s were based off of a naive notion that if a group was confronted with a problem, the group mentality would solve it. However, while people accepted they were part of a functioning group, they would not act in a way that would benefit a company because a group does not do away with the human factor. This was not the only self-destructive business practice. In the 1930’s, managers who felt that workers, such as those on t he production line, were prone to cause major accidents would suggest them to be watched closely and be treated in a fashion which suggested they could not be trusted. Managers would subconsciously relay this information, letting workers know they were not being trusted and would act in such a way.

Discuss supreme court case Korematsu v. United States (1944) Essay

Discuss supreme court case Korematsu v. United States (1944) - Essay Example This was quite an irrational decision because there was no evidence that these individuals were a threat to the national security of US. Walter Lippmann a well renowned columnist stated that no individual is allowed to conduct business and no individual has a right to obtain residence during a war. During the month of February of 1942, the president of US, Roosevelt accepted and signed the Executive Order 9066 (Niiya, 1993, p.16). This order provided the secretary of war with the authority to recognize certain areas as war zones and due to this label the people living in that area may be removed and restrictions of travelling within that area were even applied. Later, the in charge of the Western Defense Command labeled the entire region of the Pacific Coast as area of military due to its higher probability of being attacked (Bangarth, 2008, p.22). This led to implementation of curfews after which Japanese Americans were initially restricted to leave the area and later evacuated from the region. Later these individuals were held in prison camps because it was believed that all Japanese Americans are traitors. These actions taken by the US government were challenged in the case of Korematsu v. United States (1944) and the outcome of this case was that although the justices of t his case accepted that it was necessary for the military to relocate the Japanese Americans and the court accepted the decision taken by the government to detain Korematsu (Polenberg, 2000, p.197). The court legalized the actions taken by the government because the court believed that the action was taken as US was at war with Japan and it was correct to believe that Japanese American could involve in sabotage. The decision taken by the court during this case was quite significant in nature as the decision clearly stated that the government of US had the right to take any action such as evacuating people from their areas on racial basis. The decision even clearly stated that wartime

Intermodal Transportation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Intermodal Transportation - Essay Example At the individual level, Americans spend all the more on transportation, cargo development, and driving, than they do on garments, working the family, diversion and intercity travel set up together. Transportation expenses represent 11 for each penny of extra cash, the fourth biggest thing in family spending plans (USDOT 1999b). Utilizing 1994 gross national item numbers, cargo transportation made up 6.3% for each penny of aggregate consumption, which could go up to 10–11 for every penny of aggregate use if incomes spent on stock, warehousing, and logistics administrations are incorporated (ENO 1998). As a rate of aggregate consumption, freight transportation accounts 38.52% for every penny of the aggregate while passenger transportation represents the rest (USDOT 1999b). The effect of cargo on the US economy is significant. Generally speaking, it is evaluated that most of the country’s revenue is generated from freight transportation. The author investigates the immense challenge of expanding the extent of intermodal freight transport. In perspective of the present overwhelming role played by road transport and the expanding impediments in adapting to an increase in the number of vehicles in a productive and reasonable way, multi-purpose freight transport could be viewed as a practical option. In any case, he makes acknowledgment of the way of there is the need to enhance the performance of the intermodal transport framework. The role played by the government in cultivating intermodal transport advancements has been highlighted by Holguin-Veras et al. (2008). Concentrating on the American cargo transport framework different authors distinguish diverse arrangements of elements that clarify the diverse range of factors that the government experiences in cultivating advancements: Incompatible goals and objectives of the private and open area, absence of

Analysis Of The UV Visible Spectroscopy Biology Essay

Analysis Of The UV Visible Spectroscopy Biology Essay Purpose of this term paper is to describe working principle, instrumentation, data collection and data analysis of the UV-Visible spectroscopy which is also known as electron spectroscopy. In working principle, Beer-lambert law correlate absorption of light to concentration of substance in solution. Parts of UV-Visible spectrometer have been described. Data analysis and data collection section describe how data collected by system and what type of information we can get from the data collected from UV-Visible spectroscopy. In the end we conclude what we learn from the project. Introduction: In spectroscopy, matter is been exposed to radiative energy (light, high energy electron, high energy ions etc.), at that time it can interact with matter according to atoms or molecule are present in system. Depending on its interaction with material gives different information about the matter. In short, spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and radiated energy. Absorption, emission, elastics scattering, inelastic scattering are major interaction between radiative energy and matter. In absorption, radiated energy is absorbed by matter. In emission, electron will excite and goes to higher energy level, then when it goes to ground state it will emits electromagnetic waves. When electron and radiative energy interact, but they dont exchange energy, this type of interaction are called elastic scattering, and if electron and radiative energy exchange energy, then this type of interaction are called nonelastic interaction. The selection of the spectroscopy to analysis the sample is depending on what is present in the sample. For example, if atoms of sample are targeted to analysis, X-ray spectroscopy and XRF (X-ray fluorescent) are useful. If molecules of sample are targeted to analysis, Infrared, Raman, visible, UV-visible spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy are useful. Raman and Infrared spectroscopy are complementary to each other. Same way, UV-visible spectroscopy is complementary to fluorescence spectroscopy. UV-Visible spectroscopy usually used for quantitative analysis of different molecule like transition metal ions, highly conjugated organic compound, and biological macromolecule. UV-Visible spectroscopy use UV light and visible light for analysis of sample. Range of Visible light is 400nm to 800nm. Where UV light has range from 400nm to 200nm which usually used in spectroscopy. Energy associate with 800 nm visible light is 36 kcal/mole. Energy associated with 400 nm visible light is 72 kcal/mole. UV light used in UV-Visible spectroscopy is up 200 nm because smaller then this range it is difficult to handle. So, UV light which has energy less than 200 nm doesnt use frequently. UV light which has wavelength 200 nm, energy associated with it is 143 kcal/mole. Figure 1: Energy band diagram of molecule here it shows HOMO and LUMO (bonding and anti-bonding) energy level Figure 1 is showing general energy band diagram which has energy level HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital), LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital). HOMO is also known as bonding energy level. And LUMO is also known as anti-bonding energy level. In this diagram, shows some exciting possibility in molecular electron from lower energy orbital to higher energy orbital. However, from UV-Visible spectroscopy, electron gain only enough energy to excitation from à Ã¢â€š ¬ (bonding) to à Ã¢â€š ¬* (anti-bonding) energy level or from n (non-bonding) energy to à Ã¢â€š ¬* (non-bonding) energy level. For other excitation, it will require even higher energy that UV or Visible light can provide. So, using UV-Visible spectroscopy we can measure first two left hand sides to excitation from diagram. UV-Visible spectroscopy is also known as electronic spectroscopy because it measure absorption of light by electron. When sample molecules are exposed to light having an energy that equals a possible electronic transition within the molecule from HOMO to LUMO, some of the light energy will be absorbed as the electron is promoted from lower energy à Ã¢â€š ¬ orbital to a higher energy orbital like à Ã¢â€š ¬* orbital. An optical spectrometer records absorption at each wavelength and present as graph of absorbance vs. wavelength. Range of absorbance ranges from 0 (no absorption) to 2 (99% absorption) calculate by spectrometer. Here in UV-Visible spectroscopy, Beer-Lambert law has been used to find concentration of absorbing solute in the solution. When a light passes through a solution, due to interaction with material some of the light might be absorbed and the remaining light transmitted through the solution. The ratio of the initial intensity (entering the sample (Io)) and final intensity (exiting the sample (It)) of light at a certain wavelength is defined as the transmittance (T). Most of the time it has been expresses as percent transmittance. And the absorbance (A) of a sample is the negative logarithm of the transmittance. Equation : Beer-Lambert law which correlate transmittance to initial intensity and final intensity Equation : Beer-Lambert law which correlate Absorption to transmittance Here, Io is initial intensity (entering intensity) and It is final intensity (exiting intensity), T is transmittance, A is absorption. The absorbance of a sample at a given wavelength is equal to the absorptivity of the substance, path length and concentration of the substance. Value of the absorptivity of the substance depends on the wavelength. For different wavelength, value of the absorptivity is different. The path length is the distance the light travels through the sample. Equation : Beer-Lambert law which correlate absorptivity, path length, concentration of substance Here, is absorptivity of the substance, l is path length; and c is concentration of the substance. Commonly, and l are constant for experiment because depending on material is fix value and experiment length of path (l) is also fix for each experiment. So, using these equations we can calculate the concentration of substance in given sample. Instrumentation: Figure 2: Working principal of UV-Visible spectroscopy [3] Ultraviolet (UV) and Vis light spectroscopy has been shown is figure-1. This device contains UV light source and visible light source, slits, Diffraction grating, filters, mirrors, reference cuvette, sample cuvette, lenses and detectors. Light source: This device has two light sources. Depending on the sample either UV or Visible light source will be used. Using Mirrors light will be concentrated on Diffraction gritting. Usually UV light source has range from 200nm to 400nm, and visible has range of 400nm to 800nm. For UV light source, Hg bulb is used. And For Visible light source, Tungsten is uses. Diffraction gritting and filter: Diffraction gritting converts light source into its component wavelength light. Prism can be used instead of diffraction gritting. Then Created single wavelength light is given to half mirror Half mirror: Half mirror is special kind of mirror which can provide two same intensity output from single input sources. In our device, it will be used to provide same intensity single wavelength light to the reference cuvette, and sample cuvette which contain only solvent. Solvent can also interact with the sample. So it is necessary to measure light interaction with solvent which later can be remove from sample which contain solvent and solute to measure light interaction with solute which is area of interest. Reference Cuvette and Sample Cuvette: In UV- Vis spectroscopy, it is very important to compare intensity to get transmission. Light is passes through the both cuvette. Absorption is done at this stage; level of absorption will depend on the sample and the reference themselves. Lens and Detector: Lenses will be used to focus and magnify the output reference beam (I0) and output sample beam (I). Here I0 should be absorbed just little Detector will be used to detect these signals and convert into electrical signals which can be further understand using software and computer. Figure 3:   Shimadzu 1650PC, UV-visible Spectrophotometer. [2] Data Collection [4] [5]: Instrument was SHIMADZU UV 1601. Absorption of liquid and thin film can be measured by this instrument. Liquid Sample For liquid or solution, cuvette is used. It is required reference solution containing cuvette, and sample containing cuvette. In reference cuvette, it will have only solvent. Using this data, absorption for cuvette and solvent can be understood. Using data of sample containing cuvette, absorption for cuvette, the sample and solvent can be understood. Surface of cuvettes must be cleaned after filling the liquid to make sure surface does not have any dust particles. Using software, Method is needed to be defined. In our Method, wavelength range is 300 nm to 1100 nm; scan speed is medium; sampling interval is 1 nm; scan mode is single. A 1st need to do is measure reference (baseline, solvent only). It is also important that reference cuvette is inserted in reference stage not in sample stage. Mounting of cuvette is very important. Cuvette has two types of surface. Cuvette has two transparent sides and two semi-transparent sides. Transparent sides need to be aligned so light beam can enter and exit from transparent sides. Load the reference sample. Define wavelength range (1100-300nm) scan in software. It will take about 2 min to finish scan for reference. It is also important to do it reference scanning process again if you change the type of the sample, cuvette or solvent. Secondly, low concentration seldibrdge (2.9*10^-6 mole/L) chromophore sample will be loaded in another cuvette and it will be loaded in to sample stage. In software, start scanning button is clicked. Scanning of the sample will also take about 2 min. When scanning is finished new window will appeared and will ask for file name and file description. Now on screen you will able to see typical graph absorption spectrum of seldibrdge chromophore. Computer will assign some peaks. To access this information peak button on screen will be pressed. After that computer will provide table which include Wavelength and Absorption. This table and concentration of the sample is useful to calculate extinction coefficient or molar absorptivity. This calculation will be done by Beer-Lambert Law. Third, high concentration seldibrdge chromophore (2.9*10^-5 mol/L) sample will be loaded in another cuvette and it will be loaded in to sample stage. Concentration is almost 10 times more than low concentration. It will be loaded in to sample stage. In software, start scanning button is clicked. Scanning of the sample will also take about 2 min. Data can be stored by using Data Print Table extension and it will information in notepad. Thin film Sample is dissolved in polymer matrix and applied on glass substrate. For this process, glass substrate is used as sample. It is very important to not to touch surface of the glass substrates. It is also required to make sure it does not have any dust particles on it. Then load reference sample in reference stage and press baseline button on computer screen. After that, sample is put on sample stage. It is important to orient the sample surface side, so light can directly interact with thin film first rather than glass substrate. Then press start on computer screen. Data table and Spectrum chart will be provide by computer. Data can be saved as the above description. In thin film, concentration is unknown, so extinction co-efficient cannot be calculated. For thin film maximum absorption is important factor. Data analysis: Chromophore is part of molecule which is responsible for its color. So, during UV-Visible spectroscopy electrons in chromophore are interacting with light. Table 1 is giving data about different chromophore. Chromophore may be present in solvent. So, we require selecting proper solvent to measure chromophore of solute. Not all the solvent can be used in UV-Visible spectroscopy. For example, oxygen non-bonding electrons in alcohols do not give rise to absorption above 160 nm. So, we can use as solvent for UV-Visible spectroscopy. Common solvent can be used in UV-Visible spectroscopy are Hexane (alkane), ethanol (alcohol), water. However, if we used UV light which has wavelength are lower than 200 nm, then we cant use alcohol because it create very sharp peak. Chromophore Example Excitation ÃŽÂ »max, nm Ɇº Solvent C=C Ethene à Ã¢â€š ¬__>  Ã‚   à Ã¢â€š ¬* 171 15,000 Hexane Cà ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¡C 1-Hexyne à Ã¢â€š ¬__>  Ã‚   à Ã¢â€š ¬* 180 10,000 Hexane C=O Ethanal n  __>  Ã‚  Ãƒ Ã¢â€š ¬* à Ã¢â€š ¬__>  Ã‚  Ãƒ Ã¢â€š ¬* 290 180 15 10,000 hexane hexane N=O Nitromethane n__>  Ã‚  Ãƒ Ã¢â€š ¬* à Ã¢â€š ¬__>  Ã‚  Ãƒ Ã¢â€š ¬* 275 200 17 5,000 ethanol ethanol C-X X=Br          X=I Methyl bromide Methyl Iodide n__>  Ã‚  Ãƒ Ã†â€™* n__>  Ã‚  Ãƒ Ã†â€™* 205 255 200 360 hexane hexane Table 1: Some measured data by UV-Visible spectroscopy. As describe in introduction, using transmittance, we can calculate concentration peak. However, all the data in computer give form of absorbance vs. wavelength or Ɇº vs. wavelength. Sometime value of log Ɇº is taken in place of Ɇº. There are some graph obtain from UV-Visible spectroscopy. Both Ɇº (molar absorptivity) and A (absorption) are changing with different wavelength. Figure-4 is absorbance vs. wavelength graph for C5H6O. Figure 5 is graph of Ɇº vs. wavelength for different conjugate compound which has same chemical formula. In graph, each peak represents a certain excitation. Figure 7 shows two different excitation, first excitation is from à Ã¢â€š ¬ to à Ã¢â€š ¬* and second excitation is from n to à Ã¢â€š ¬*. Both excitations have pick value at different wavelength. For excitation à Ã¢â€š ¬ to à Ã¢â€š ¬*, maximum Ɇº value is around 250 nm. And for excitation n to à Ã¢â€š ¬*, maximum Ɇº value is around 300 nm. From figure 5 and 6 we can say that as number of Chromophore, curve shift to longer wavelength; however number of picks doesnt change if Chromophore is same. However, for aromatics compound, as ring increase, number of pick are increasing. Due to different Chromophore present in molecule, it will effect on maximum absorption wavelength. There different terms are assigned for different type of shift which can see in table 2. Figure 4: UV-Visible spectroscopy results for C = C and C = C Chromophore for particular chemical compound at specific pH, and solvent. [1] Figure 5: UV-Visible spectroscopy results for conjugated compound. [1] Figure 6: UV-Visible spectroscopy results for conjugated compound [1] Figure 7: UV-Visible spectroscopy results for C = C and C = O Chromophore for particular chemical compound at specific pH, and solvent. [1] pH of system is also effect on absorption peak. Diluted Copper sulfate solution is very light blue. However, if you add ammonia which will change pH more than 7, color of solution will change due to change in absorption peak and intensity. Following figure 8, is UV-Visible spectra of phenolphthalein at different pH value. Figure 8: UV-Visible spectra of phenolphthalein (0.103 mmol cm-3) at pH 13 solid light line, pH 9 solid dark line, pH 8 dash light line, pH 4 dashed dark line Nature of Shift Descriptive Term To Longer Wavelength Bathochromic To Shorter Wavelength Hypsochromic To Greater Absorbance Hyperchromic To Lower Absorbance Hypochromic Table 2: Terminology for Absorption Shifts [1] 2 3 1 Figure 8 : Result obtain for Low concentration Liquid seldibrdge chromophore (1), high concentration Liquid seldibrdge chromophore (2), and unknown concentration of seldibrdge chromophore dissolved in polymer matrix and applied on glass substrate (3). [4], [5] Wavelength (in nm) Absorption 780 0.604 510 0.103 475 0.101 342 0.174 1063 .001 540 0.085 492 0.097 389 0.060 For low concentration Liquid seldibrdge chromophore, concentration is 2.9*10^-6 mol/L. peaks and absorption has been shown in following Table. Table 3: Wavelength and absorption for low concentration Liquid seldibrdge chromophore, concentration. [4][5] For higher concentration liquid seldibrdge chromophore, concentration is 2.9*10^-5 mol/L. Absorption of this sample is out of spectroscopy range. So it is required to dilute for further understanding and calculation. For unknown concentration of seldibrdge chromophore dissolved in polymer matrix and applied on glass substrate, concentration is unknown, so further calculation of extinction coefficient cannot be done, but peak absorption can be find. For this sample peak absorption is 0.512 at 808 nm wavelength. Using equation 3, we calculated Ɇº (extinction coefficient or absorptivity) is around 2.1E5 1 / M * cm at maximum absorption. Conclusion: UV-Visible spectroscopy is good for finding concentration or molar absorptivity of of biological macromolecule, organic molecule, transition metal, conjugated organic compound.. However, we need to make sure about pH of system and solvent before taking sample analysis. Using this spectroscopy, we find molar absorptivity or extinction coefficient of 2.9*10^-6 mol/L concentration Liquid seldibrdge chromophore for maximum absorption at given wavelength.

Urban Legend of Glenn Dale Hospital :: Ghost Stories Urban Legends

Glenn Dale Hospital Background Over the recent break, I mentioned to a friend that I needed to write about a ghost-related urban legend. He offered to tell me about Glenn Dale Hospital, which is supposedly a famous ghost legend in Maryland. Since I am a lifelong Maryland resident and did not know about the hospital, I was eager to hear the story. The story was told in the living room of a house by a 19 year old white male native to southern Maryland. He is from a middle class family and his father and mother are a construction worker and a homemaker, respectively. He heard the story from another friend who claims to have visited Glenn Dale Hospital. The Story So, in the 30s and 40s they used to send tuberculosis patients to the [Glenn Dale] hospital for treatment. [normal relaxed tone] Eventually it was converted into an insane asylum and it became notorious for its treatment of patients. The staff experimented on the patients and locked them up all day. One day, all the patients revolted and the doctors ran out of the hospital and boarded up all the doors and windows. [talking faster] The patients were left inside to die and the hospital was abandoned. The insane still wander the halls. Today, if you sneak in the hospital you will be chased by the ghosts of the patients and catch tuberculosis. My friend went there and swears he saw a ghost watching him from the shadows, and he won’t go near that place anymore [gestures with hand in horizontal motion]. The cops arrest anyone they catch trespassing, but they say the cops won’t go in the hospital after you if you need help.† Context There is evidence to support some of this story. According to a Washington Post article from December 10, 2006, Glenn Dale Hospital does exist on over 200 acres in Prince George’s County, Maryland. In fact, it did house tuberculosis patients starting in the mid-thirties. However, that is essentially all the truth in the story. The article states, â€Å"It [Glen Dale Hospital] was never an insane asylum, as urban explorers and paranormal researchers suggest on the internet.† Since it was never an asylum, the idea of a revolt and the insane wandering the halls must not be true. Since tuberculosis does not last for decades without human hosts, it is impossible to catch the disease just by exploring the hospital.